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KMID : 0545120050150030665
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Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
2005 Volume.15 No. 3 p.665 ~ p.671
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Cell Signaling Mechanisms of Sperm Motility in Aquatic Species
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Kho KH
Morisawa M/Choi KS
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Abstract
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Initiation and activation of sperm motility are prerequisite processes for the contact and fusion of male and female gametes at fertilization. The phenomena are under the regulation of cAMP and Ca2+ in vertebrates and invertebrates. Mammalian sperm requires Ca2+ and cAMP for the activation of sperm motility. Cell signaling for the initiation and activation of sperm motility in the ascidians and salmonid fishes has drawn much attention. In the ascidians, the sperm-activating and attracting factors from unfertilized egg require extracellular Ca2+ for activating sperm motility and eliciting chemotactic behavior toward the egg. On the other hand, the cAMPdependent phosphorylation of protein is essential for the initiation of sperm motility in salmonid fishes. A decrease of the environmental K+ concentration surrounding the spawned sperm causes K+ efflux and Ca2+ influx through the specific K+ channel and dihydropyridine-sensitive L-/T-type Ca2+ channel, respectively, thereby leading to the membrane hyperpolarization. The membrane hyperpolarization induces synthesis of cAMP, which triggers further cell signaling processes, such as cAMPdependent protein phosphorylation, to initiate sperm motility in salmonid fishes. This article reviews the studies on the physiological mechanisms of sperm motility and its cell signaling in aquatic species.
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